In this paper, we empirically investigate how suitability concerns detected by the SSM in the fitness and propriety of management body appointees impact the performance of European banks in the period 2014-2023. We provide evidence that management body appointees where the assessment of the supervisory authorities raised concerns, had a negative impact on the bank’s future performance. The negative effect can be attributed to appointees where the supervisory assessment revealed such severe concerns that ancillary measures were imposed.

The Fed's job can seem like a balancing act. Dimitri Otis/DigitalVision via Getty ImagesThe Federal Reserve on Sept.

Nowadays, media often celebrate the “girlboss” – the entrepreneur who works 80-hour weeks to build her brand and success – while corporate campaigns show women who “lean in” in the boardroom and maintain flawless family lives. These cultural ideals create the illusion that women in leadership are more empowered than ever. However, our research shows that some of them feel exhausted, constrained by expectations, and pressured to embody an ideal that leaves little space for vulnerability.

This paper investigates the effects of monetary policy on banks and non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs), with particular attention to the role of financial stress. We use high-frequency identified monetary policy shocks and state-dependent local projections to capture non-linear responses across financial sectors. Drawing on aggregated balance sheet data, including total assets, debt securities, and loans, we find that monetary tightening leads to broad-based contractions in total assets and debt holdings, with particularly pronounced effects for banks and investment funds.