Federal Reserve

FEDS Paper: Spatially Mapping Banks' Commercial & Industrial Loan Exposures: Including an Application to Climate-Related Risks

Benjamin N. Dennis, Gurubala Kotta, and Caroline Conley NorrisThe correlation of the spatial distribution of banking exposures with changes in spatial patterns of economic activity (e.g., internal migration, changes in agglomeration patterns, climate change, etc.) may have financial stability implications. We therefore study the spatial distribution of large U.S. banks' commercial and industrial (C&I) lending portfolios.

FEDS Paper: Nonparametric Time Varying IV-SVARs: Estimation and Inference

Robin Braun, George Kapetanios, Massimiliano MarcellinoThis paper studies the estimation and inference of time-varying impulse response functions in structural vector autoregressions (SVARs) identified with external instruments. Building on kernel estimators that allow for nonparametric time variation, we derive the asymptotic distributions of the relevant quantities. Our estimators are simple and computationally trivial and allow for potentially weak instruments.

FEDS Paper: Predicting College Closures and Financial Distress

Robert Kelchen, Dubravka Ritter, and Douglas WebberIn this paper, we assemble the most comprehensive dataset to date on the characteristics of colleges and universities, including dates of operation, institutional setting, student body, staff, and finance data from 2002 to 2023. We provide an extensive description of what is known and unknown about closed colleges compared with institutions that did not close.

FEDS Paper: Missing Data Substitution for Enhanced Robust Filtering and Forecasting in Linear State-Space Models

Dobrislav Dobrev and Paweł J. SzerszeńReplacing faulty measurements with missing values can suppress outlier-induced distortions in state-space inference. We therefore put forward two complementary methods for enhanced outlier-robust filtering and forecasting: supervised missing data substitution (MD) upon exceeding a Huber threshold, and unsupervised missing data substitution via exogenous randomization (RMDX).

FEDS Paper: Measuring the Euro Area Output Gap

Matteo Barigozzi, Claudio Lissona, and Matteo LucianiWe measure the Euro Area (EA) output gap and potential output using a non-stationary dynamic factor model estimated on a large dataset of macroeconomic and financial variables. From 2012 to 2023, we estimate that the EA economy was tighter than the European Commission and the International Monetary Fund estimate, suggesting that the slow EA growth is the result of a potential output issue, not a business cycle issue.

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