Why is Halloween starting so much earlier each year? A business professor explains

A display of Halloween products for sale in West Covina, Calif., on Sept. 10, 2025. Frederic J. Brown/Getty ImagesHalloween is a fun, scary time for children and adults alike – but why does the holiday seem to start so much earlier every year? Decades ago, when I was young, Halloween was a much smaller affair, and people didn’t start preparing until mid-October.

Why is Halloween starting so much earlier each year? A business professor explains

A display of Halloween products for sale in West Covina, Calif., on Sept. 10, 2025. Frederic J. Brown/Getty ImagesHalloween is a fun, scary time for children and adults alike – but why does the holiday seem to start so much earlier every year? Decades ago, when I was young, Halloween was a much smaller affair, and people didn’t start preparing until mid-October.

Fiscal announcements and households’ beliefs: evidence from the euro area

This paper studies the effects of fiscal policy announcements on household expectations. We document announcements of price-related expansionary fiscal measures in response to the cost-of-living crisis in the four largest euro area economies and exploit the exogenous timing of fiscal actions relative to household survey participation to estimate their causal effects. Following fiscal announcements, households revise their beliefs: inflation perceptions rise, and unemployment perceptions fall.

Fiscal announcements and households’ beliefs: evidence from the euro area

This paper studies the effects of fiscal policy announcements on household expectations. We document announcements of price-related expansionary fiscal measures in response to the cost-of-living crisis in the four largest euro area economies and exploit the exogenous timing of fiscal actions relative to household survey participation to estimate their causal effects. Following fiscal announcements, households revise their beliefs: inflation perceptions rise, and unemployment perceptions fall.

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