Bikash Poudel, Sarah Carey, Robert Flynn, Chakrapani Narayan, Richard Payne, Eshwar Satrasala, Seaira Spooney, and James LovejoyThe capability to make offline digital payments is emerging as a vital component of the broader payments ecosystem, especially in scenarios in which internet connectivity is unavailable such as during a crisis or natural disaster. Offline digital payment services offer a secure and reliable alternative to cash. Even so, there are a limited number of viable offline payment protocols in production today.